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Under the Bretton Woods system,


A) the U.S.dollar was the only currency that was fully convertible to gold; other currencies were not directly convertible to gold.
B) all currencies of member states were fully convertible to gold.
C) all currencies of member states were fully convertible to gold or silver.
D) none of the above.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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The advent of the euro marks the first time that sovereign countries have voluntarily given up their


A) national borders to foster economic integration.
B) monetary independence to foster economic integration.
C) fiscal policy independence to foster economic integration.
D) national debt to foster economic integration.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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During the period between World War I and World War II,the political reality was characterized by


A) halfhearted attempts and failure to restore the gold standard.
B) political instabilities and bank failures.
C) panicky flights of capital across borders.
D) all of the above

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Put the following in correct date order:


A) Jamaica Agreement, Plaza Agreement, Louvre Accord.
B) Plaza Agreement, Jamaica Agreement, Louvre Accord.
C) Louvre Accord, Jamaica Agreement, Plaza Agreement.
D) Jamaica Agreement, Louvre Accord, Plaza Agreement.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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During the 1990s there


A) were three major currency crises.
B) were two major currency crises.
C) was only one currency crisis.
D) were no major currency crises

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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The Bretton Woods system ended in


A) 1945.
B) 1973.
C) 1981.
D) 2001.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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In the 1850s the French franc was valued by both gold and silver,under the official French ratio which equated a gold franc to a silver franc 15½ times as heavy.At the same time,the gold from newly discovered mines in California poured into the market,depressing the value of gold.As a result,


A) the franc effectively became a silver currency.
B) the franc effectively became a gold currency.
C) silver became overvalued under the French official ratio.
D) answers a) and c) are correct

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Suppose that your country officially defines gold as ten times more valuable than silver (i.e.the central bank stands ready to redeem the currency in gold and silver and the official price of gold is ten times the official price of silver) .If the market price of gold is only eight times as much as silver.


A) The central bank could go broke if enough arbitrageurs attempt to take advantage of the pricing disparity.
B) The central bank will make money since they are overpricing gold.

C) A) and B)
D) undefined

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Benefits from adopting a common European currency include


A) reduced transaction costs.
B) elimination of exchange rate risk.
C) increased price transparency that will promote Europe-wide competition.
D) all of the above

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Ecuador does not have its own national currency,circulating the U.S.dollar instead.About how many countries do not have their own national currency?


A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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At the outbreak of World War I


A) major countries such as Great Britain, France, Germany and Russia suspended redemption of banknotes in gold.
B) major countries such as Great Britain, France, Germany and Russia imposed embargoes on the export of gold.
C) the classical gold standard was abandoned.
D) all of the above

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Prior to the 1870s,both gold and silver were used as international means of payment and the exchange rates among currencies were determined by either their gold or silver contents.Suppose that the dollar was pegged to gold at $30 per ounce,the French franc is pegged to gold at 90 francs per ounce and to silver at 9 francs per ounce of silver,and the German mark pegged to silver at 1 mark per ounce of silver.What would the exchange rate between the U.S.dollar and German mark be under this system?


A) 1 German mark = $2
B) 1 German mark = $0.50
C) 1 German mark = $3
D) 1 German mark = $1

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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The Bretton Woods system was named after


A) the treasury secretary of the United States in 1945, Bretton Woods.
B) Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, where the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) were hammered out.
C) none of the above.

D) All of the above
E) B) and C)

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Suppose that Britain pegs the pound to gold at the market price of £6 per ounce,and the United States pegs the dollar to gold at the market price of $36 per ounce.If the official exchange rate between pounds and U.S.dollars is $5 = £1.Which of the following trades is profitable?


A) Start with £100 and trade for $500 at the official exchange rate.Redeem the $500 for 13.89 ounces of gold.Trade the gold for £83.33.
B) Start with $100 and buy gold.Sell the gold for £16.67.Sell the pounds at the official exchange rate.
C) Start with £100 and buy gold.Sell the gold for $600.
D) Start with $500 and trade for £100 at the official exchange rate.Redeem the £100 for 16 2/3 ounces of gold.Trade the gold for $600.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Suppose that the United States is on a bimetallic standard at $30 to one ounce of gold and $2 for one ounce of silver.If new silver mines open and flood the market with silver,


A) only the silver currency will circulate.
B) only the gold currency will circulate.
C) no change will take place since citizens could exchange their gold currency for silver currency at any time.
D) none of the above

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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The international monetary system went through several distinct stages of evolution.These stages are summarized,in alphabetic order,as follows: (i) - Bimetallism (ii) - Bretton Woods system (iii) - Classical gold standard (iv) - Flexible exchange rate regime (v) - Interwar period The chronological order that they actually occurred is:


A) (iii) , (i) , (iv) , (ii) , and (v)
B) (i) , (iii) , (v) , (ii) , and (iv)
C) (vi) , (i) , (iii) , (ii) , and (v)
D) (v) , (ii) , (i) , (iii) , and (iv)

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Put the following in correct date order:


A) Jamaica Agreement, Bretton Woods Agreement, Smithsonian Agreement.
B) Smithsonian Agreement, Bretton Woods Agreement, Jamaica Agreement.
C) Bretton Woods Agreement, Smithsonian Agreement, Jamaica Agreement.
D) Bretton Woods Agreement, Jamaica Agreement, Smithsonian Agreement.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The Bretton Woods agreement resulted in the creation of


A) the bancor as an international reserve asset.
B) the World Bank.
C) the Eximbank.
D) the Federal Reserve Bank.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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During the period between World War I and World War II,


A) the major European powers and the U.S.returned to the gold standard and fixed exchange rates.
B) while most countries abandoned the gold standard during World War I, international trade and investment flourished during the interwar period under a coherent international monetary system.
C) the U.S.dollar emerged as the dominant world currency, gradually replacing the British pound for the role.
D) None of the above.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Corporations today are operating in an environment in which exchange rate changes may adversely affect their competitive positions in the marketplace.This situation,in turn,makes it necessary for many firms to


A) carefully manage their exchange risk exposure.
B) carefully measure their exchange risk exposure.
C) both a) and b)

D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

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