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A hypomanic episode refers to


A) a prolonged but less severe form of a manic episode that is easily treated.
B) a manic episode without hallucinations or delusions.
C) a manic episode that occurs without any depressive episodes.
D) a shorter and less severe form of a manic episode with less impairment in functioning.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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With regard to social support,


A) having one close friend did not affect recovery from depression.
B) having social support helped speed recovery from depressive episodes.
C) having social support had no effect in China.
D) having too much social support actually overwhelmed patients and worsened their depression in some cases.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Regarding Beck's views on depression, which of the following definitions of cognitive errors and negative schema is NOT correct?


A) In a self-blame schema, depressed individuals feel personally responsible for every bad thing that happens.
B) Arbitrary inference means that a depressed individual emphasizes the positive rather than the negative aspects of a situation.
C) In a negative self-evaluation schema, depressed individuals believe that they can never do anything correctly.
D) Overgeneralization occurs when a small error is magnified to mean something much more significant.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is a symptom of a manic episode?


A) Slowed speech
B) Hypoactive behavior
C) Hypersomnia
D) Grandiosity

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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One symptom of a mood disorder is anhedonia, which means


A) a feeling of worthlessness.
B) an altered pattern of sleep.
C) indecisiveness.
D) an inability to experience pleasure.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The acute grief most of us would feel eventually evolves into what is called


A) dysthymia.
B) latent grief.
C) integrated grief.
D) complicated grief.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Researchers studying the relationship between sleep and mood found


A) the relationship was bidirectional.
B) no relationship.
C) the relationship was unidirectional.
D) that an increase in negative moods does not lead to predictable changes in sleep patterns but an increase in positive moods does.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The best estimates of genetic contributions to depression fall in the range of


A) 80% for women and 60% for men.
B) 60% for women and 40% for men.
C) 40% for women and 20% for men.
D) 60% for women and 80% for men.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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"Mood disorders" refer to a group of disorders involving severe disturbances ranging from __________ to ____________.


A) hallucinations; suicidality
B) elation; depression
C) indecisiveness; anhedonia
D) hypomania; mania

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is NOT usually a component of a major depressive episode?


A) Feelings of worthlessness
B) Flight of ideas
C) Altered sleep patterns
D) Change in appetite

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Side effects associated with tricyclic antidepressants include all of the following EXCEPT


A) dry mouth.
B) difficulty urinating.
C) difficulty falling asleep.
D) blurred vision.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Explain the differences between hypomania and mania in terms of symptoms and severity.

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Hypomania and mania are both symptoms of...

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Impulsive suicidal behavior is often a symptom of ________ personality disorder.


A) schizoid
B) borderline
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) paranoid

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a risk associated with misdiagnosing children with bipolar disorder, when in fact they have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ?


A) Medications for bipolar disorder are very potent and have serious side effects.
B) ADHD is more impairing than bipolar disorder, so one would be ignoring the real problem.
C) Insurance companies don't recognize childhood bipolar disorder and will not reimburse treatment for it.
D) There are no major risks, as the two disorders are so similar that treatments are essentially the same.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Describe two psychological treatments for depression.

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Two psychological treatments for depress...

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An individual who usually says "It's all my fault" when anything goes wrong is reflecting the ________ characteristic of the depressive attributional style.


A) specific
B) stable
C) internal
D) external

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The probability that a person will recover from a major depressive episode within five years approaches 90% in


A) all cases.
B) mild cases only.
C) severe cases only.
D) double depression only.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements reflects the current thinking on the issue of the relationship between mood disorders and suicide?


A) Suicide is often associated with psychological disorders, especially depression.
B) All people who attempt suicide have mood disorders.
C) A small percentage of adolescent suicides are an expression of depression mood disorder.
D) Suicide is generally a response to some disappointment in people who are otherwise psychologically healthy.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Evidence for an inherited tendency toward suicidal behavior comes from research involving


A) the human genome project.
B) callers to suicide hotlines.
C) adoption studies.
D) "psychological autopsies."

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is NOT true about a hypomanic manic episode?


A) It is not necessarily impairing for an individual.
B) It involves cognitive and physical changes.
C) It causes marked impairment in social or occupational functioning.
D) It may last for weeks.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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