Question 1

Explain the concept of a social contract. How has this concept influenced criminology?

Accepted Answer

The concept of a social contract refers ...

Question 2

The orphan train movement was based on this school of criminology.

Accepted Answer

A)   classical
B)   positivist
C)   neoclassical
D)   conflictE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

What does demonology assume?

Accepted Answer

A)   Individuals have free will and choose to break the law.
B)   Crime is motivated by impure thoughts and poor religious instruction.
C)   Social conditions affect crime.
D)   Soft determinism is the best explanation of crime.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

According to classical criminology, what should the law focus on?

Accepted Answer

A)   the offender's social status
B)   the offender's level of intelligence
C)   the offender's behavior
D)   the offender's motivationE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 5

What is the classical school concerned with?

Accepted Answer

A)   the rehabilitation of offenders
B)   the causes of crime
C)   punishment
D)   offender treatmentE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the main principles that can be traced to the classical school?

Accepted Answer

A)   a view of human nature based on hedonism
B)   the concept that the government must respect the citizens' rights, at least to a degree consistent with public safety
C)   an emphasis on due-process procedures in the criminal justice system
D)   the idea that determinism outweighs free willE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

This is the process of acquiring a personal identity and learning how to live within the culture of one's society.

Accepted Answer

A)   socialization
B)   demonization
C)   realization
D)   substantiationE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

According to rational choice theory, this process occurs when an offender sees that a target is protected and searches for a more vulnerable one.

Accepted Answer

A)   displacement
B)   target hardening
C)   recidivism
D)   rationalityE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Bentham designed this prison, which was based on surveillance.

Accepted Answer

A)   Eastern State Penitentiary
B)   Walnut Street Jail
C)   Panopticon
D)   Auburn PrisonE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

This refers to the view that individuals are subject to antisocial behavior at the instigation of demonic forces.

Accepted Answer

A)   soft determinism
B)   free will
C)   temptation
D)   possessionE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is a classical school viewpoint?

Accepted Answer

A)   an acceptance of the legitimacy of the criminal justice system and its place in the social system
B)   encouraging a focus on the internal and external forces that influence behavior
C)   a view of offenders as sick or damaged and in need of treatment
D)   a concept of offender free willE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following is not one of the main assumptions of the positivist school of criminology?

Accepted Answer

A)   The offender matters more than the offense.
B)   Science trumps philosophy.
C)   Offenders make rational choices.
D)   Indeterminate sentencing is more effective than determinate sentencing.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 13

According to Rousseau, this law is a product of individuals deciding among themselves how their affairs ought to be governed.

Accepted Answer

A)   natural
B)   social
C)   human-made
D)   absoluteE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

This is a process of investigation in which phenomena are observed; ideas are tested, and conclusions are drawn.

Accepted Answer

A)   scientific method
B)   determinism
C)   deterrence
D)   hedonistic calculusE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Which did classical school thinkers do?

Accepted Answer

A)   They participated in research studies
B)   They interviewed offenders and victims.
C)   They observed the legal systems of their countries
D)   They collaborated with local law enforcement agencies.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 16

This thinker believed that an individual's opportunities and rights were determined by social class.

Accepted Answer

A)   Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B)   Michel Foucault
C)   John Locke
D)   Thomas HobbesE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

According to Beccaria, what is the object of social control?

Accepted Answer

A)   retribution
B)   deterrence
C)   rehabilitation
D)   incapacitationE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Which best describes classical thought?

Accepted Answer

A)   All punishments should be severe to deter offenders.
B)   Criminal offenders are affected by biological and psychological factors beyond their control.
C)   Criminal offenders freely choose to break the law.
D)   The key purpose of punishment is rehabilitationE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

This school looks for external explanations for crime.

Accepted Answer

A)   supernatural
B)   classical
C)   neoclassical
D)   positivistE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

This concept allows neoclassical criminology to downplay social forces affecting behavior and reassert some classical ideas.

Accepted Answer

A)   hard determinism
B)   free will
C)   soft determinism
D)   socialismE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 4: The Classical and Positivist Schools of Criminology

This is a process of investigation in which phenomena are observed; ideas are tested, and conclusions are drawn.

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According to rational choice theory, this process occurs when an offender sees that a target is protected and searches for a more vulnerable one.

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According to classical criminology, what should the law focus on?

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This school looks for external explanations for crime.

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Explain the concept of a social contract. How has this concept influenced criminology?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe concept of a social contract refers ...View AnswerShow Answer

This thinker believed that an individual's opportunities and rights were determined by social class.

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Bentham designed this prison, which was based on surveillance.

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According to Beccaria, what is the object of social control?

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Which of the following is a classical school viewpoint?

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The orphan train movement was based on this school of criminology.

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What is the classical school concerned with?

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This is the process of acquiring a personal identity and learning how to live within the culture of one's society.

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This concept allows neoclassical criminology to downplay social forces affecting behavior and reassert some classical ideas.

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What does demonology assume?

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Which of the following is not one of the main assumptions of the positivist school of criminology?

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Which of the following is not one of the main principles that can be traced to the classical school?

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This refers to the view that individuals are subject to antisocial behavior at the instigation of demonic forces.

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Which best describes classical thought?

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According to Rousseau, this law is a product of individuals deciding among themselves how their affairs ought to be governed.

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Which did classical school thinkers do?

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The concept of a social contract refers ...
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