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A time lag in the response of survivorship and fecundity to a population's density can occur because ____ is usually determined by the availability of resources at some time in the past.


A) death
B) immigration
C) fecundity
D) competition
E) population growth

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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The difference between the per capita birth rate and the per capita death rate is the ____. ​


A) per capita growth rate
B) per capita population curve
C) intrinsic rate of increase
D) geometric population curve
E) exponential population curve

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Organisms use ____ for maintenance, growth, and reproduction.


A) survivorship
B) predation
C) energy
D) parental care
E) dispersion

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Correct Answer

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Recent studies have demonstrated evolution in some populations over a span of time as short as ____. ​


A) single years
B) decades
C) centuries
D) thousands of years
E) millions of years

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Correct Answer

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Which of these species' population growth rate is least affected by the number of males?


A) northern elephant seals
B) trumpeter swans
C) Canadian geese
D) European rabbits
E) Norwegian rats

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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Life history patterns of guppies in Trinidad are a result of which natural selection force?


A) Competition differences in different streams.
B) Predation differences in different streams.
C) Temperature differences in different streams.
D) Pollution differences in different streams.
E) Salt concentration differences in different streams.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Correct Answer

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Categorize the following traits as belonging predominantly to an r -selected species or a K -selected species.

Premises
long life span
Responses
r -selected
K -selected

Correct Answer

r -selected
K -selected

Intraspecific competition and predation are ____ factors. ​


A) crowding
B) density-dependent
C) reproductive
D) population
E) logistic

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.

Premises
population density
Responses
population growth slows as population approaches K
population increasing steadily by a constant ratio
the average number of offspring produced by females during each age interval
movement out of a population
the number of individuals per unit area or unit volume

Correct Answer

population growth slows as population approaches K
population increasing steadily by a constant ratio
the average number of offspring produced by females during each age interval
movement out of a population
the number of individuals per unit area or unit volume

  Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Sea turtles are likely to die when they are young, but have a good chance of surviving once they reach large size. Which survivorship curve best fits this species? A) Type I, which is graph A B) Type II, which is graph B C) Type I, which is graph C D) Type III, which is graph C E) Type III, which is graph A Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Sea turtles are likely to die when they are young, but have a good chance of surviving once they reach large size. Which survivorship curve best fits this species?


A) Type I, which is graph A
B) Type II, which is graph B
C) Type I, which is graph C
D) Type III, which is graph C
E) Type III, which is graph A

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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For the bay checkerspot butterfly, a poor flyer, to recolonize small patch habitats, the new habitats must be ____. ​


A) high quality
B) low quality
C) close to a source population
D) far from a source population
E) above a certain number of individuals

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Correct Answer

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The tools used by ecologists to study mortality rates were developed by developmental biologists .

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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The density of a population is defined as the ____.


A) number of individuals in a population at a specified time
B) number of individuals in a population at a specified place
C) number of individuals per unit area or per unit volume of habitat
D) size of the individual organisms per unit area
E) number of individual organisms per family unit

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Lizards can control spider populations on Caribbean islands by which density-dependent mechanism(s) ? ​


A) predation only
B) competition only
C) predation on a common predator only
D) predation and competition
E) predation, competition, and predation on a common predator

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which statement characterizes human population growth?


A) The rate of human population growth appears to be declining.
B) The rate of human population growth appears to be increasing.
C) The rate of human population growth is exponential.
D) Human birth rates are higher than death rates.
E) Human death rates are higher than birth rates.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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Population growth of rabbits in Australia can best be described as ____.


A) fast
B) exponential
C) virulent
D) stable
E) epidemic

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Carrying capacity is ____. ​


A) determined by the individuals of a species
B) defined for each population, and varies from one habitat to another
C) the same across all environments
D) the same in one habitat through time
E) the same across all populations

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Correct Answer

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Which group exhibits the longest generation time? ​


A) bacteria
B) plants
C) animals
D) protists
E) fungi

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Correct Answer

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Logistic population growth describes growth without limitation.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Fecundity is ____.


A) a summary of the demographic characteristics of a population
B) a group of individuals of similar age
C) the average number of offspring produced
D) the proportion of individuals alive at the start of an interval that die during that interval
E) the proportion of individuals alive at the start of an interval that survive to the start of the next interval

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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