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Scenario 15-1 Vincent operates a scenic tour business in Boston. He has one bus which can fit 50 people per tour and each tour lasts 2 hours. His total cost of operating one tour is fixed at $450. Vincent's cost is not reduced if he runs a tour with a partially full bus. While his cost is the same for all tours, Vincent charges each passenger his/her willingness to pay: adults $18 per trip, children $10 per trip, and senior citizens $12 per trip. At those rates, on a typical day Vincent's demand is: Passenger Type Willingness to Pay Demand per day Adults $18 70 Children $10 25 Senior Citizens $12 55 Assume that Vincent's customers are always available for the tour; therefore, he can fill his bus for each tour as long as there is sufficient total demand for the day. -Refer to Scenario 15-1. Vincent uses a pricing practice called

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price disc...

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A market structure with barriers to entry is


A) a monopoly.
B) oligopolistically competitive.
C) monopolistically competitive.
D) perfectly competitive.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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When a single firm can supply a product to an entire market at a lower cost than could two or more firms, the industry is called a


A) resource industry.
B) exclusive industry.
C) government monopoly.
D) natural monopoly.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Monopolists can achieve any level of profit they desire because they have unlimited market power.

A) True
B) False

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A monopolist is able to choose whatever price that it wishes and is only constrained by its greed. ​

A) True
B) False

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A profit-maximizing monopolist will produce the level of output at which


A) average revenue is equal to average total cost.
B) average revenue is equal to marginal cost.
C) marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost.
D) total revenue is equal to opportunity cost.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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If a profit-maximizing monopolist faces a downward-sloping market demand curve, its


A) average revenue is less than the price of the product.
B) average revenue is less than marginal revenue.
C) marginal revenue is less than the price of the product.
D) marginal revenue is greater than the price of the product.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Scenario 15-1 Consider a transportation corporation named Reading's that has just completed the development of a new light rail system in Minneapolis. Currently, there are plenty of seats on the train, and it is never crowded. Its capacity far exceeds the needs of the city. After just a few years of operation, the shareholders of Reading's experienced incredibly high rates of return on their investment due to the profitability of the corporation. -Refer to Scenario 15-1. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true? (i) New entrants to the market know they will have a smaller market share than Reading's currently has. (ii) Reading's is most likely experiencing decreasing average total cost. (iii) Reading's is a natural monopoly.


A) (i) and (ii) only
B) (ii) and (iii) only
C) (i) and (iii) only
D) (i) , (ii) , and (iii)

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following would be most likely to have monopoly power?


A) a long-distance telephone service provider
B) a local cable TV provider
C) a large department store
D) a gas station

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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It is difficult in a natural monopoly market for the firm to achieve both efficiency and zero economic profit simultaneously, even with regulation. ​

A) True
B) False

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An industry is a natural monopoly when (i) the government assists the firm in maintaining the monopoly. (ii) a single firm owns a key resource. (iii) a single firm can supply a good or service to an entire market at a smaller cost than could two or more firms.


A) (ii) only
B) (iii) only
C) (i) and (ii) only
D) (ii) and (iii) only

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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If government officials break up a natural monopoly into four smaller firms, then


A) each firm will be unable to maximize profits due to increased competition.
B) competition will force firms to produce surplus output, which drives up price.
C) the average cost of production will increase.
D) consumers will benefit from lower average total costs.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The deadweight loss associated with a monopoly occurs because the monopolist


A) maximizes profits.
B) produces an output level less than the socially optimal level.
C) produces an output level greater than the socially optimal level.
D) equates marginal revenue with marginal cost.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Figure 15-1 Figure 15-1   -Refer to Figure 15-1. If the monopolist uses perfect price discrimination, what price will it charge? -Refer to Figure 15-1. If the monopolist uses perfect price discrimination, what price will it charge?

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The amount...

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Figure 15-9 Figure 15-9   -Refer to Figure 15-9. To maximize its profit, a monopolist would choose which of the following outcomes? A) 100 units of output and a price of $20 per unit B) 100 units of output and a price of $40 per unit C) 150 units of output and a price of $30 per unit D) 200 units of output and a price of $40 per unit -Refer to Figure 15-9. To maximize its profit, a monopolist would choose which of the following outcomes?


A) 100 units of output and a price of $20 per unit
B) 100 units of output and a price of $40 per unit
C) 150 units of output and a price of $30 per unit
D) 200 units of output and a price of $40 per unit

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements is not correct?


A) The government may use antitrust laws to break up an existing company to improve competition.
B) The government may break up a natural monopoly to lower the price charged to customers.
C) Private ownership is typically preferred to public ownership.
D) Sometimes the best strategy is for the government to do nothing about monopoly inefficiency because the "fix" may be worse than the problem.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Authors are allowed to be monopolists in the sale of their books in order to


A) encourage authors to write more and better books.
B) correct for the negative externalities that the Internet and television impose.
C) satisfy literary advocacy groups that exercise their lobbying power.
D) promote a society in which people think for themselves and learn from whichever books they please.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The assessment by George Stigler concerning the tradeoffs between "market failure" and "political failure" in the American economy provides support for which of the following solutions to the problems of monopolies?


A) public ownership of monopolies
B) government regulation of monopolies
C) government incentives to promote competition in monopolized industries
D) doing nothing at all

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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​As long as as a monopolist is able to control the resale of its product, then it can successfully practice price discrimination.

A) True
B) False

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The profit that a monopolist earns represents a loss to society that is measured through deadweight loss.

A) True
B) False

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